Guarding Against the Reintroduction of monkeypox virus: Assessing Vulnerability and Mitigation Strategies in the Belgian MSM Population

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease with potentially severe consequences for

human health caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). Recent global outbreaks, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM), underscore the urgent need for effective prevention strategies. While clade II MPXV infections continue to be reported sporadically worldwide, a large and uncontrolled sexually transmitted epidemic of the more virulent MPXV clade I is currently ongoing in Central Africa. It is, therefore, only a matter of time before a new mpox outbreak hits Europe. The magnitude and impact of this outbreak will depend on the susceptibility of the MSM population. With this project we, therefore, aim to assess the vulnerability of the MSM population to new outbreaks of mpox. To this end, we will look at the characteristics and longevity of the immune response after infection and vaccination. We will assess the degree of immunity within the population at risk and look at evolutions in risk behavior This project will establish a network model to estimate the risk and impact of a new outbreak of MPXV, and to provide guidance on (non-)pharmacological interventions. Through multidisciplinary collaboration and cutting-edge methodologies, this research endeavors to provide crucial insights into the immune response against MPXV, and inform public health strategies.