A simplified and less expensive strategy for confirming anti HIV-1 screening results in a diagnostic laboratory in Lubumbashi, Zaïre

The conventional algorithm for HIV testing based on the confirmation of all positive anti-HIV screening reactions by Western blot (WB) is too expensive for developing countries. We investigated the validity of confirming positive screening assay reactions by a second screening test, limiting the use of the supplemental assay to the discrepant test results (algorithm 3), or screening all sera with 2 different assays and retesting all discrepant results by a supplemental assay (algorithm 4) on a panel of 519 sera in a regional reference laboratory in Lubumbashi, Zaire. Combining the Vironostika anti-HTLV-III ELISA with HIV Chek 1 + 2 or Clonatec Rapid HIV 1/2 Ab on all samples and retesting the discrepant results in WB or a line immunoassay (INNO-LIA) (algorithm 4), yielded a sensitivity of 100% and specificities of 98.4% and 99.0% respectively, at costs of 7.3 US $ and 9.3 US $ per test, respectively, for a 40% prevalence of HIV antibody positive samples. The conventional algorithm scored a sensitivity of 97.1% and a specificity of 100% for 11.3 US $ per test. The testing strategy of combining HIV Chek 1 + 2 and Clonatec Rapid HIV 1/2 Ab, an interesting option for small isolated centra, had a 96.6% sensitivity, but yielded only a slightly better specificity of 99.0%, as compared to 97.8% for HIV Chek alone. The price of combining the two simple assays using algorithm 3 was 6.8 US $ per test, using algorithm 4 was 10.6 US $. HIV testing strategies based on ELISA and a simple HIV test are a valuable alternative for reference laboratories faced with a high prevalence of HIV positive samples