TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative genomic analysis of six Glossina genomes, vectors of African trypanosomes
AU - International Glossina Genomics Initiative
AU - Attardo, Geoffrey M
AU - Abd-Alla, Adly M M
AU - Acosta-Serrano, Alvaro
AU - Allen, James E
AU - Bateta, Rosemary
AU - Benoit, Joshua B
AU - Bourtzis, Kostas
AU - Caers, Jelle
AU - Caljon, Guy
AU - Christensen, Mikkel B
AU - Farrow, David W
AU - Friedrich, Markus
AU - Hua-Van, Aurélie
AU - Jennings, Emily C
AU - Larkin, Denis M
AU - Lawson, Daniel
AU - Lehane, Michael J
AU - Lenis, Vasileios P
AU - Lowy-Gallego, Ernesto
AU - Macharia, Rosaline W
AU - Malacrida, Anna R
AU - Marco, Heather G
AU - Masiga, Daniel
AU - Maslen, Gareth L
AU - Matetovici, Irina
AU - Meisel, Richard P
AU - Meki, Irene
AU - Michalkova, Veronika
AU - Miller, Wolfgang J
AU - Minx, Patrick
AU - Mireji, Paul O
AU - Ometto, Lino
AU - Parker, Andrew G
AU - Rio, Rita
AU - Rose, Clair
AU - Rosendale, Andrew J
AU - Rota-Stabelli, Omar
AU - Savini, Grazia
AU - Schoofs, Liliane
AU - Scolari, Francesca
AU - Swain, Martin T
AU - Takáč, Peter
AU - Tomlinson, Chad
AU - Tsiamis, George
AU - Van Den Abbeele, Jan
AU - Vigneron, Aurelien
AU - Wang, Jingwen
AU - Warren, Wesley C
AU - Waterhouse, Robert M
AU - Weirauch, Matthew T
PY - 2019/9/2
Y1 - 2019/9/2
N2 - BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies (Glossina sp.) are the vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse flies are distinguished from other Diptera by unique adaptations, including lactation and the birthing of live young (obligate viviparity), a vertebrate blood-specific diet by both sexes, and obligate bacterial symbiosis. This work describes the comparative analysis of six Glossina genomes representing three sub-genera: Morsitans (G. morsitans morsitans, G. pallidipes, G. austeni), Palpalis (G. palpalis, G. fuscipes), and Fusca (G. brevipalpis) which represent different habitats, host preferences, and vectorial capacity.RESULTS: Genomic analyses validate established evolutionary relationships and sub-genera. Syntenic analysis of Glossina relative to Drosophila melanogaster shows reduced structural conservation across the sex-linked X chromosome. Sex-linked scaffolds show increased rates of female-specific gene expression and lower evolutionary rates relative to autosome associated genes. Tsetse-specific genes are enriched in protease, odorant-binding, and helicase activities. Lactation-associated genes are conserved across all Glossina species while male seminal proteins are rapidly evolving. Olfactory and gustatory genes are reduced across the genus relative to other insects. Vision-associated Rhodopsin genes show conservation of motion detection/tracking functions and variance in the Rhodopsin detecting colors in the blue wavelength ranges.CONCLUSIONS: Expanded genomic discoveries reveal the genetics underlying Glossina biology and provide a rich body of knowledge for basic science and disease control. They also provide insight into the evolutionary biology underlying novel adaptations and are relevant to applied aspects of vector control such as trap design and discovery of novel pest and disease control strategies.
AB - BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies (Glossina sp.) are the vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse flies are distinguished from other Diptera by unique adaptations, including lactation and the birthing of live young (obligate viviparity), a vertebrate blood-specific diet by both sexes, and obligate bacterial symbiosis. This work describes the comparative analysis of six Glossina genomes representing three sub-genera: Morsitans (G. morsitans morsitans, G. pallidipes, G. austeni), Palpalis (G. palpalis, G. fuscipes), and Fusca (G. brevipalpis) which represent different habitats, host preferences, and vectorial capacity.RESULTS: Genomic analyses validate established evolutionary relationships and sub-genera. Syntenic analysis of Glossina relative to Drosophila melanogaster shows reduced structural conservation across the sex-linked X chromosome. Sex-linked scaffolds show increased rates of female-specific gene expression and lower evolutionary rates relative to autosome associated genes. Tsetse-specific genes are enriched in protease, odorant-binding, and helicase activities. Lactation-associated genes are conserved across all Glossina species while male seminal proteins are rapidly evolving. Olfactory and gustatory genes are reduced across the genus relative to other insects. Vision-associated Rhodopsin genes show conservation of motion detection/tracking functions and variance in the Rhodopsin detecting colors in the blue wavelength ranges.CONCLUSIONS: Expanded genomic discoveries reveal the genetics underlying Glossina biology and provide a rich body of knowledge for basic science and disease control. They also provide insight into the evolutionary biology underlying novel adaptations and are relevant to applied aspects of vector control such as trap design and discovery of novel pest and disease control strategies.
KW - Animals
KW - DNA Transposable Elements/genetics
KW - Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
KW - Female
KW - Gene Expression Regulation
KW - Genes, Insect
KW - Genes, X-Linked
KW - Genome, Insect
KW - Genomics
KW - Geography
KW - Insect Proteins/genetics
KW - Insect Vectors/genetics
KW - Male
KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional/genetics
KW - Phylogeny
KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
KW - Synteny/genetics
KW - Trypanosoma/parasitology
KW - Tsetse Flies/genetics
KW - Wolbachia/genetics
U2 - 10.1186/s13059-019-1768-2
DO - 10.1186/s13059-019-1768-2
M3 - A1: Web of Science-article
C2 - 31477173
VL - 20
SP - 187
JO - Genome Biology and Evolution
JF - Genome Biology and Evolution
SN - 1759-6653
IS - 1
ER -