Abstract
BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) relies on characteristic clinical features synthesized as the International Network for the Study of HIV-associated IRIS (INSHI) case definition. There is no confirmatory laboratory test.
SETTING: Site B HIV-TB clinic in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa.
METHODS: Using data of participants with HIV-associated tuberculosis starting antiretroviral treatment from a prospective trial evaluating prednisone for TB-IRIS prevention, we applied latent class analysis to model a gold standard for TB-IRIS. The model-predicted probability of TB-IRIS for each participant was used to assess the performance of the INSHI case definition and compare its diagnostic accuracy with several adapted case definitions.
RESULTS: Data for this analysis were complete for 217 participants; 41% developed TB-IRIS. Our latent class model included the following parameters: respiratory symptoms; night sweats; INSHI major criteria 1, 2, and 4; maximum C-reactive protein >90 mg/L; maximum heart rate >120/min; maximum temperature >37.7°C; and preantiretroviral therapy CD4 count <50 cells/µL. The model estimated a TB-IRIS incidence of 43% and had optimal goodness of fit (χ2 = 337, P = 1.0). The INSHI case definition displayed a sensitivity of 0.77 and a specificity of 0.86. Replacing all the minor INSHI criteria with objectives measures (C-reactive protein elevation, fever, and/or tachycardia) resulted in a definition with better diagnostic accuracy, with a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 0.88.
CONCLUSION: The INSHI case definition identifies TB-IRIS with reasonable accuracy. Amending the case definition by replacing INSHI minor criteria with objective variables improved sensitivity without loss of specificity.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes |
Volume | 86 |
Issue number | 5 |
Pages (from-to) | 587-592 |
Number of pages | 6 |
ISSN | 1525-4135 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2021 |