Different protein composition of low-calorie diet differently impacts adipokine profile irrespective of weight loss in overweight and obese women

R. Mateo-Gallego, I. Lamiquiz-Moneo, S. Perez-Calahorra, V. Marco-Benedi, A. M. Bea, L. Baila-Rueda, M. Laclaustra, J. L. Penalvo, F. Civeira, A. Cenarro

    Research output: Contribution to journalA1: Web of Science-articlepeer-review

    Abstract

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: High-protein (HP) diets have shown benefits in cardiometabolic markers such as insulin or triglycerides but the responsible mechanisms are not known. We aimed to assess the effect of three energy-restricted diets with different protein contents (20%, 27%, and 35%; ∼80% coming from animal source) on plasma adipokine concentration and its association with changes in cardiometabolic markers.

    METHODS: Seventy-six women (BMI 32.8 ± 2.93) were randomized to one of three calorie-reduced diets, with protein, 20%, 27%, or 35%; carbohydrates, 50%, 43%, or 35%; and fat, 30%, for 3 months. Plasma adipokine (leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and retinol-binding protein 4; RBP4) levels were assessed.

    RESULTS: After 3 months, leptin concentration decreased in all groups without differences among them, while resistin levels remained unchanged. Adiponectin concentration heterogeneously changed in all groups (P for trend = 0.165) and resistin concentration did not significantly change. RPB4 significantly decreased by -17.5% (-31.7, -3.22) in 35%-protein diet (P for trend = 0.024 among diets). Triglycerides improved in women following the 35%-protein diet regardless of weight loss; RBP4 variation significantly influenced triglyceride concentration change by 24.9% and 25.9% when comparing 27%- and 35%- with 20%-protein diet, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: A 35%-protein diet induced a decrease in RBP4 regardless of weight loss, which was directly associated with triglyceride concentration improvement. These findings suggest that HP diets improve the cardiometabolic profile, at least in part, through changes in adipokine secretion. Whether this beneficial effect of HP diet is due to improvements in hepatic or adipose tissue functionality should be elucidated.

    CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The clinical trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02160496).

    Original languageEnglish
    JournalNutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD
    Volume28
    Issue number2
    Pages (from-to)133-142
    Number of pages10
    ISSN0939-4753
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2018

    Keywords

    • Protein
    • Weight loss
    • Adipokines
    • Adipose tissue
    • Obesity
    • Overweight
    • ADIPOSE-TISSUE DYSFUNCTION
    • LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIET
    • INSULIN-RESISTANCE
    • LOW-FAT
    • SERUM RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN-4
    • PLASMA-LEVELS
    • ADIPONECTIN
    • LEPTIN
    • DISEASE
    • HEALTH

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