TY - JOUR
T1 - Early diagnosis and follow-up of acute schistosomiasis in a cluster of infected Belgian travellers by detection of antibodies and Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA): a diagnostic evaluation study
AU - Hoekstra, Pytsje T
AU - van Esbroeck, Marjan
AU - de Dood, Claudia J
AU - Corstjens, Paul Lam
AU - Cnops, Lieselotte
AU - van Zeijl-van der Ham, Christel Jg
AU - Wammes, Linda J
AU - van Dam, Govert J
AU - Clerinx, Jan
AU - van Lieshout, Lisette
N1 - FTX; OGOA; (CC BY 4.0); Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - BACKGROUND: In order to evaluate the diagnostic value of schistosome circulating anodic antigen (CAA) detection, serum and urine CAA levels were determined in a single cluster of 34 Belgian tourists at three timepoints within a period of 14 weeks following proven Schistosoma exposure in South Africa and compared with two in-house antibody assays.METHODS: Samples were collected 4-5 and 7-8 weeks post-exposure and subsequently 5-6 weeks following praziquantel treatment. Schistosoma antibodies were detected by an adult worm antigen-immunofluorescence assay (AWA-IFA) and a soluble egg antigen-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SEA-ELISA), while CAA concentrations were determined by the Up-Converting reporter Particle labelled Lateral Flow (UCP-LF) test.RESULTS: Antibodies were detected in 25/34 (73%) travellers pre-treatment and in 27/34 (79%) post-treatment, with the AWA-IFA showing better performance than the SEA-ELISA. Pre-treatment, CAA was detected in 13/34 (38%) and 33/34 (97%) of the travellers in urine and serum, respectively. Post-treatment, all except one traveller became serum CAA negative. This in contrast to the detected antibodies, as well as the previously reported diagnostic results of this cluster.CONCLUSIONS: The UCP-LF CAA serum assay has been demonstrated as the most sensitive method for the diagnosis of early Schistosoma infections and post-treatment monitoring in travellers.
AB - BACKGROUND: In order to evaluate the diagnostic value of schistosome circulating anodic antigen (CAA) detection, serum and urine CAA levels were determined in a single cluster of 34 Belgian tourists at three timepoints within a period of 14 weeks following proven Schistosoma exposure in South Africa and compared with two in-house antibody assays.METHODS: Samples were collected 4-5 and 7-8 weeks post-exposure and subsequently 5-6 weeks following praziquantel treatment. Schistosoma antibodies were detected by an adult worm antigen-immunofluorescence assay (AWA-IFA) and a soluble egg antigen-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SEA-ELISA), while CAA concentrations were determined by the Up-Converting reporter Particle labelled Lateral Flow (UCP-LF) test.RESULTS: Antibodies were detected in 25/34 (73%) travellers pre-treatment and in 27/34 (79%) post-treatment, with the AWA-IFA showing better performance than the SEA-ELISA. Pre-treatment, CAA was detected in 13/34 (38%) and 33/34 (97%) of the travellers in urine and serum, respectively. Post-treatment, all except one traveller became serum CAA negative. This in contrast to the detected antibodies, as well as the previously reported diagnostic results of this cluster.CONCLUSIONS: The UCP-LF CAA serum assay has been demonstrated as the most sensitive method for the diagnosis of early Schistosoma infections and post-treatment monitoring in travellers.
U2 - 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102053
DO - 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102053
M3 - A1: Web of Science-article
C2 - 33823289
SN - 1477-8939
VL - 41
JO - Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
JF - Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
M1 - 102053
ER -