First-line tuberculosis treatment with double-dose rifampicin is well tolerated

A K J Maug, M A Hossain, M Gumusboga, T Decroo, W Mulders, S Braet, J Buyze, D Arango, C Schurmans, N Herssens, T Demeulenaere, L Lynen, B C de Jong, A Van Deun

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare the occurrence of unfavourable treatment and safety outcomes of double-dose rifampicin (RMP; 20 mg/kg/d, intervention) with standard dose (10 mg/kg/d, control) in a first-line tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimen for smear-positive TB patients in Bangladesh.DESIGN: This was a randomised clinical trial. The primary efficacy and safety endpoints were the occurrence of an unfavourable treatment outcome (death, failure, relapse or loss to follow-up) and the occurrence of any serious drug-related adverse event (SAE).RESULTS: In primary efficacy analysis, among 343 control and 347 intervention patients, respectively 15.5% and 11.8% had an unfavourable outcome. In safety analysis, among 349 intervention and 352 control patients, respectively 4.3% and 2.6% experienced an SAE. These differences were not significant. There was a significantly lower occurrence of SAEs, explained by a lower occurrence of hepatic toxicity, in a RMP double-dosed but erroneously HZE (isoniazid+pyrazinamide+ethambutol) under-dosed subgroup.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that there is no statistically significant difference in terms of efficacy and safety between standard and double-dose RMP. An accidental finding (related to dosage levels of the standard regimen) suggests that high-dose RMP is potentially a lesser cause of hepatotoxicity. Larger trials with more power, or trials with at least a triple-dose might be needed to clearly see the effect of high-dose RMP on unfavourable outcomes.

Original languageEnglish
JournalInternational Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Volume24
Issue number5
Pages (from-to)499-505
Number of pages7
ISSN1027-3719
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2020

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