Abstract
Accumulating data in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals support the hypothesis that
in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates of different clades and phenotype (syncytium inducing [SI] and nonsyncytium inducing [NSI]) common antigenic structures must exist that can stimulate the immune response to produce a broad spectrum (cross-clade and cross SI and NSI) neutralization
response. Certain vaccination regimens in chimpanzees and human volunteers with clade B SI type HIV-1 derived candidate vaccines induce neutralizing antibodies against intraclade B SI type primary HIV-1 isolates,
but not against intraclade B NSI type of viruses. To be effective against the full antigenic spectrum of primary HIV-1 isolates (cross-clade-SI and NSI) candidate vaccines should contain immunogens of primary
isolates representative of the whole antigenic spectrum of HIV-1. There is an urgent need to identify these
immunogens and to improve their immunogenicity. As long as we have not yet characterized these cross-HIV1 spectrum conserved immunogens, candidate vaccines against the more prevalent clades C, A, and E should
be developed for evaluation in developing countries. In support of the follow-up and evaluation of the hopefully increasing number of phase 1, 2, and 3 HIV-1 vaccine trials in humans, it is considered a high priority
to develop a high throughput neutralization assay, to further expand the use of a limited number of key primary HIV-1 isolates as a surrogate for neutralization of the entire HIV-1 antigenic spectrum (cross-cladeSI and NSI), to develop high throughput subtyping as well as a rapid system to monitor the immunogenic relatedness of different HIV-1 clades.
in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates of different clades and phenotype (syncytium inducing [SI] and nonsyncytium inducing [NSI]) common antigenic structures must exist that can stimulate the immune response to produce a broad spectrum (cross-clade and cross SI and NSI) neutralization
response. Certain vaccination regimens in chimpanzees and human volunteers with clade B SI type HIV-1 derived candidate vaccines induce neutralizing antibodies against intraclade B SI type primary HIV-1 isolates,
but not against intraclade B NSI type of viruses. To be effective against the full antigenic spectrum of primary HIV-1 isolates (cross-clade-SI and NSI) candidate vaccines should contain immunogens of primary
isolates representative of the whole antigenic spectrum of HIV-1. There is an urgent need to identify these
immunogens and to improve their immunogenicity. As long as we have not yet characterized these cross-HIV1 spectrum conserved immunogens, candidate vaccines against the more prevalent clades C, A, and E should
be developed for evaluation in developing countries. In support of the follow-up and evaluation of the hopefully increasing number of phase 1, 2, and 3 HIV-1 vaccine trials in humans, it is considered a high priority
to develop a high throughput neutralization assay, to further expand the use of a limited number of key primary HIV-1 isolates as a surrogate for neutralization of the entire HIV-1 antigenic spectrum (cross-cladeSI and NSI), to develop high throughput subtyping as well as a rapid system to monitor the immunogenic relatedness of different HIV-1 clades.
Original language | English |
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Journal | AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses |
Volume | 14 |
Issue number | Suppl. 3 |
Pages (from-to) | S211-S221 |
ISSN | 0889-2229 |
Publication status | Published - 1998 |
Keywords
- B780-tropical-medicine
- Virology
- HIV-1
- Genetics
- Phenotypes
- Subtypes
- Vaccine design
- Review of the literature