Abstract
Pathogens often rely on the contacts between hosts for transmission. Most viruses have adapted their transmission mechanisms to defined behaviours of their host(s) and have learned to exploit these for their own propagation. Some viruses, such as HIV, the human papillomavirus (HPV), HSV-2 and HCV, cause sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Understanding the transmission of particular viral variants and comprehending the early adaptation and evolution is fundamental to eventually inhibiting sexual transmission of HIV. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms of sexual transmission and the biology of the transmitted HIV. Next, we present a timely overview of candidate microbicides, including past, ongoing and future clinical trials of HIV topical microbicides. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Reviews in Medical Virology |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| Pages (from-to) | 110-133 |
| Number of pages | 24 |
| ISSN | 1052-9276 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2011 |
Keywords
- B780-tropical-medicine
- Viral diseases
- HIV
- AIDS
- Disease transmission-sexual
- Risk
- Genital tract
- Women
- Men
- Natural resistance
- Prevention strategies
- Male circumcision
- Microbicides
- Behavior
- Condom use
- Vaccination
- Vaginal creams and foams
- Vaginal gel
- Inhibitory activity
- Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Integrase inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors
- Clinical trials
- Oral
- Pre-exposure
- Prophylaxis
- Development
- Review of the literature