TY - JOUR
T1 - Incidence of respiratory virus-associated pneumonia in urban poor young children of Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2009-2011
AU - Homaira, Nusrat
AU - Luby, Stephen P
AU - Petri, William A
AU - Vainionpaa, Raija
AU - Rahman, Mustafizur
AU - Hossain, Kamal
AU - Snider, Cynthia B
AU - Rahman, Mahmudur
AU - Alamgir, A S M
AU - Zesmin, Farzina
AU - Alam, Masud
AU - Gurley, Emily S
AU - Zaman, Rashid Uz
AU - Azim, Tasnim
AU - Erdman, Dean D
AU - Fry, Alicia M
AU - Bresee, Joseph
AU - Widdowson, Marc-Alain
AU - Haque, Rashidul
AU - Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood death in Bangladesh. We conducted a longitudinal study to estimate the incidence of virus-associated pneumonia in children aged <2 years in a low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh.METHODS: We followed a cohort of children for two years. We collected nasal washes when children presented with respiratory symptoms. Study physicians diagnosed children with cough and age-specific tachypnea and positive lung findings as pneumonia case-patients. We tested respiratory samples for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinoviruses, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza viruses, human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV 1, 2, 3), and adenoviruses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays.RESULTS: Between April 2009-March 2011, we followed 515 children for 730 child-years. We identified a total of 378 pneumonia episodes, 77% of the episodes were associated with a respiratory viral pathogen. The overall incidence of pneumonia associated with a respiratory virus infection was 40/100 child-years. The annual incidence of pneumonia/100 child-years associated with a specific respiratory virus in children aged < 2 years was 12.5 for RSV, 6 for rhinoviruses, 6 for HMPV, 4 for influenza viruses, 3 for HPIV and 2 for adenoviruses.CONCLUSION: Young children in Dhaka are at high risk of childhood pneumonia and the majority of these episodes are associated with viral pathogens. Developing effective low-cost strategies for prevention are a high priority.
AB - BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood death in Bangladesh. We conducted a longitudinal study to estimate the incidence of virus-associated pneumonia in children aged <2 years in a low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh.METHODS: We followed a cohort of children for two years. We collected nasal washes when children presented with respiratory symptoms. Study physicians diagnosed children with cough and age-specific tachypnea and positive lung findings as pneumonia case-patients. We tested respiratory samples for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinoviruses, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza viruses, human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV 1, 2, 3), and adenoviruses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays.RESULTS: Between April 2009-March 2011, we followed 515 children for 730 child-years. We identified a total of 378 pneumonia episodes, 77% of the episodes were associated with a respiratory viral pathogen. The overall incidence of pneumonia associated with a respiratory virus infection was 40/100 child-years. The annual incidence of pneumonia/100 child-years associated with a specific respiratory virus in children aged < 2 years was 12.5 for RSV, 6 for rhinoviruses, 6 for HMPV, 4 for influenza viruses, 3 for HPIV and 2 for adenoviruses.CONCLUSION: Young children in Dhaka are at high risk of childhood pneumonia and the majority of these episodes are associated with viral pathogens. Developing effective low-cost strategies for prevention are a high priority.
KW - Adenoviridae/genetics
KW - Child
KW - Cohort Studies
KW - Humans
KW - Incidence
KW - Infant
KW - Infant, Newborn
KW - Longitudinal Studies
KW - Metapneumovirus/genetics
KW - Orthomyxoviridae/genetics
KW - Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
KW - Poverty
KW - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
KW - Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/genetics
KW - Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology
KW - Respirovirus/genetics
KW - Rhinovirus/genetics
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Urban Population
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0032056
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0032056
M3 - A1: Web of Science-article
C2 - 22384139
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 7
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 2
M1 - e32056
ER -