Abstract
BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequently diagnosed opportunistic infection and cause of death among HIV-infected patients. HIV-2 has been associated with less immune suppression, slower disease progression and longer survival.
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the incidence of TB and survival after TB are associated with CD4 cell count rather than HIV type.
METHODS: Clinical and immunological data were retrospectively evaluated among an open clinic-based cohort of HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected patients to determine incidence of TB (first diagnosis > 28 days after HIV diagnosis) and subsequent mortality. Patients were grouped by CD4 cell count into those with < 200, 200-500 and > 500 x 10 cells/l.
RESULTS: Incident TB was diagnosed among 159 of 2012 patients, with 4973 person-years of observation time. In 105/159 (66.0%), the diagnosis was confirmed by direct microscopy or culture. Incidence of TB was highest in the group with < 200 x 10 cells/l (9.1/100 and 8.8/100 person-years in HIV-1 and HIV-2, respectively). Adjusted for CD4 cell count, there was no significant difference in incidence or mortality following TB between HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected patients. Mortality rate was higher in those with incident TB and HIV infection, most markedly in the group with the highest CD4 cell count (hazard ratio, 10.0; 95% confidence interval, 5.1-19.7).
CONCLUSION: Adjusted for CD4 cell count, incidence of TB was similar among HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected patients. Mortality rates after TB diagnosis were similar in both groups and high compared with those without TB.
Original language | English |
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Journal | AIDS |
Volume | 18 |
Issue number | 14 |
Pages (from-to) | 1933-1941 |
Number of pages | 9 |
ISSN | 0269-9370 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2004 |
Keywords
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications
- Adult
- Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- HIV-1
- HIV-2
- Humans
- Incidence
- Male
- Prospective Studies
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Tuberculosis/complications