Infection expérimentale de Glossina morsitans morsitans (Mall) par Trypanosoma congolense (ZRE/G143/90); cycle du parasite et compétence vectorielle de la glossine

This report presents an experimental study of the life cycle of Trypanosoma congolense (ZRE/G143/90) in relation to the Vectorial competence of Glossina morsitans (Mall). The rate of engorgement at the time of an infectious meal and the mortality before day 15 of the life cycle were not significantly different between male and female flies. The mesocyclic forms of trypanosomes were regularly observed in the proventriculus, crop duct, oesophagus, cibarium and proboscis, except in the crop. On day 12 of the cycle, epimastigote forms were predominant in the proboscis. On day 13 of metacyclogenesis, four out of six rats (67%) used for feeding the flies were positive for trypanosomes upon buffy coat examination. These results demonstrate the short incubation period of trypanosomes in the vertebrate host and precociousness of the Vectorial competence of some individuals of G m morsitans (Mall). Among the three cyclic stages, only the procyclic forms in the intestine showed a significant difference between the sexes, the male flies being more infected than the females. Metacyclogenesis undergoes three cleavages leading to the successive and permanent establishment of the procyclic, mesocyclic and metacyclic forms in the midgut, proventriculus and proboscis respectively.