TY - JOUR
T1 - Modelling geographic access and school catchment areas across public primary schools to support subnational planning in Kenya
AU - Macharia, Peter
AU - Moturi, Angela K
AU - Mumo, Eda
AU - Giorgi, Emanuele
AU - Okiro, Emelda A
AU - Snow, Robert W.
AU - Ray, Nicolas
N1 - FTX; (CC BY 4.0)
PY - 2022/12/6
Y1 - 2022/12/6
N2 - Understanding the location of schools relative to the population they serve is important to contextualise the time, students must travel and to define school catchment areas (SCAs) for planning. We assembled a spatio-temporal database of public primary schools (PPS), population density of school-going children (SGC), and factors affecting travel in 2009 and 2020 in Kenya. We combined the assembled datasets within cost distance and cost allocation algorithms to compute travel time to the nearest PPS and define SCAs. We elucidated travel time and marginalised SGC living outside 24-minutes, government's threshold at sub-county level (decision-making units). Weassembled 2170 PPS in 2009 and 4682 in 2020, an increase of 115.8%, while the average travel time reduced from 28 to 17 minutes between 2009 and 2020. Nationally, 65% of SGC were within 24-minutes' catchment in 2009, which increased to 89% in 2020. Subnationally, 19 and 61 out of 62 sub-counties had over 75% of SGC within the same threshold, in 2009 and 2020, respectively. Findings can be used to target the marginalised SGC, and monitor progress towards attainment of national and Sustainable Development Goals. The framework can be applied in other contexts to assemble geocoded school lists, characterise travel time and model SCA.
AB - Understanding the location of schools relative to the population they serve is important to contextualise the time, students must travel and to define school catchment areas (SCAs) for planning. We assembled a spatio-temporal database of public primary schools (PPS), population density of school-going children (SGC), and factors affecting travel in 2009 and 2020 in Kenya. We combined the assembled datasets within cost distance and cost allocation algorithms to compute travel time to the nearest PPS and define SCAs. We elucidated travel time and marginalised SGC living outside 24-minutes, government's threshold at sub-county level (decision-making units). Weassembled 2170 PPS in 2009 and 4682 in 2020, an increase of 115.8%, while the average travel time reduced from 28 to 17 minutes between 2009 and 2020. Nationally, 65% of SGC were within 24-minutes' catchment in 2009, which increased to 89% in 2020. Subnationally, 19 and 61 out of 62 sub-counties had over 75% of SGC within the same threshold, in 2009 and 2020, respectively. Findings can be used to target the marginalised SGC, and monitor progress towards attainment of national and Sustainable Development Goals. The framework can be applied in other contexts to assemble geocoded school lists, characterise travel time and model SCA.
KW - Education
KW - Primary school-going children
KW - Geographical accessibility
KW - School catchment area
KW - Planning
KW - Kenya
KW - SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
U2 - 10.1080/14733285.2022.2137388
DO - 10.1080/14733285.2022.2137388
M3 - A1: Web of Science-article
SN - 1473-3285
VL - 21
SP - 832
EP - 848
JO - Childrens Geographies
JF - Childrens Geographies
IS - 5
ER -