Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa [letter]

Miles W Carroll; David A Matthews; Julian A Hiscox; Michael J Elmore; Georgios Pollakis; Andrew Rambaut; Roger Hewson; Isabel García-Dorival; Joseph Akoi Bore; Raymond Koundouno; Saïd Abdellati; Babak Afrough; John Aiyepada; Patience Akhilomen; Danny Asogun; Barry Atkinson; Marlis Badusche; Amadou Bah; Simon Bate; Jan Baumann; Dirk Becker; Beate Becker-Ziaja; Anne Bocquin; Benny Borremans; Andrew Bosworth; Jan Peter Boettcher; Angela Cannas; Fabrizio Carletti; Concetta Castilletti; Simon Clark; Francesca Colavita; Sandra Diederich; Adomeh Donatus; Sophie Duraffour; Deborah Ehichioya; Heinz Ellerbrok; Maria Dolores Fernandez-Garcia; Alexandra Fizet; Erna Fleischmann; Sophie Gryseels; Antje Hermelink; Julia Hinzmann; Ute Hopf-Guevara; Yemisi Ighodalo; Lisa Jameson; Anne Kelterbaum; Zoltan Kis; Stefan Kloth; Claudia Kohl; Miša Korva; Annette Kraus; Eeva Kuisma; Andreas Kurth; Britta Liedigk; Christopher H Logue; Anja Lüdtke; Piet Maes; James McCowen; Stéphane Mély; Marc Mertens; Silvia Meschi; Benjamin Meyer; Janine Michel; Peter Molkenthin; César Muñoz-Fontela; Doreen Muth; Edmund N C Newman; Didier Ngabo; Lisa Oestereich; Jennifer Okosun; Thomas Olokor; Racheal Omiunu; Emmanuel Omomoh; Elisa Pallasch; Bernadett Pályi; Jasmine Portmann; Thomas Pottage; Catherine Pratt; Simone Priesnitz; Serena Quartu; Julie Rappe; Johanna Repits; Martin Richter; Martin Rudolf; Andreas Sachse; Kristina Maria Schmidt; Gordian Schudt; Thomas Strecker; Ruth Thom; Stephen Thomas; Ekaete Tobin; Howard Tolley; Jochen Trautner; Tine Vermoesen; Inês Vitoriano; Matthias Wagner; Svenja Wolff; Constanze Yue; Maria Rosaria Capobianchi; Birte Kretschmer; Yper Hall; John G Kenny; Natasha Y Rickett; Gytis Dudas; Cordelia E M Coltart; Romy Kerber; Damien Steer; Callum Wright; Francis Senyah; Sakoba Keita; Patrick Drury; Boubacar Diallo; Hilde de Clerck; Michel Van Herp; Armand Sprecher; Alexis Traore; Mandiou Diakite; Mandy Kader Konde; Lamine Koivogui; N'Faly Magassouba; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; Andreas Nitsche; Marc Strasser; Giuseppe Ippolito; Stephan Becker; Kilian Stoecker; Martin Gabriel; Hervé Raoul; Antonino Di Caro; Roman Wölfel; Pierre Formenty; Stephan Günther

doi:10.1038/nature14594

Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa [letter]

Miles W Carroll, David A Matthews, Julian A Hiscox, Michael J Elmore, Georgios Pollakis, Andrew Rambaut, Roger Hewson, Isabel García-Dorival, Joseph Akoi Bore, Raymond Koundouno, Saïd Abdellati, Babak Afrough, John Aiyepada, Patience Akhilomen, Danny Asogun, Barry Atkinson, Marlis Badusche, Amadou Bah, Simon Bate, Jan BaumannDirk Becker, Beate Becker-Ziaja, Anne Bocquin, Benny Borremans, Andrew Bosworth, Jan Peter Boettcher, Angela Cannas, Fabrizio Carletti, Concetta Castilletti, Simon Clark, Francesca Colavita, Sandra Diederich, Adomeh Donatus, Sophie Duraffour, Deborah Ehichioya, Heinz Ellerbrok, Maria Dolores Fernandez-Garcia, Alexandra Fizet, Erna Fleischmann, Sophie Gryseels, Antje Hermelink, Julia Hinzmann, Ute Hopf-Guevara, Yemisi Ighodalo, Lisa Jameson, Anne Kelterbaum, Zoltan Kis, Stefan Kloth, Claudia Kohl, Miša Korva, Annette Kraus, Eeva Kuisma, Andreas Kurth, Britta Liedigk, Christopher H Logue, Anja Lüdtke, Piet Maes, James McCowen, Stéphane Mély, Marc Mertens, Silvia Meschi, Benjamin Meyer, Janine Michel, Peter Molkenthin, César Muñoz-Fontela, Doreen Muth, Edmund N C Newman, Didier Ngabo, Lisa Oestereich, Jennifer Okosun, Thomas Olokor, Racheal Omiunu, Emmanuel Omomoh, Elisa Pallasch, Bernadett Pályi, Jasmine Portmann, Thomas Pottage, Catherine Pratt, Simone Priesnitz, Serena Quartu, Julie Rappe, Johanna Repits, Martin Richter, Martin Rudolf, Andreas Sachse, Kristina Maria Schmidt, Gordian Schudt, Thomas Strecker, Ruth Thom, Stephen Thomas, Ekaete Tobin, Howard Tolley, Jochen Trautner, Tine Vermoesen, Inês Vitoriano, Matthias Wagner, Svenja Wolff, Constanze Yue, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Birte Kretschmer, Yper Hall, John G Kenny, Natasha Y Rickett, Gytis Dudas, Cordelia E M Coltart, Romy Kerber, Damien Steer, Callum Wright, Francis Senyah, Sakoba Keita, Patrick Drury, Boubacar Diallo, Hilde de Clerck, Michel Van Herp, Armand Sprecher, Alexis Traore, Mandiou Diakite, Mandy Kader Konde, Lamine Koivogui, N'Faly Magassouba, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Andreas Nitsche, Marc Strasser, Giuseppe Ippolito, Stephan Becker, Kilian Stoecker, Martin Gabriel, Hervé Raoul, Antonino Di Caro, Roman Wölfel, Pierre Formenty, Stephan Günther

Research output: Contribution to journal › Letter › peer-review

Abstract

West Africa is currently witnessing the most extensive Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak so far recorded. Until now, there have been 27,013 reported cases and 11,134 deaths. The origin of the virus is thought to have been a zoonotic transmission from a bat to a two-year-old boy in December 2013 (ref. 2). From this index case the virus was spread by human-to-human contact throughout Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. However, the origin of the particular virus in each country and time of transmission is not known and currently relies on epidemiological analysis, which may be unreliable owing to the difficulties of obtaining patient information. Here we trace the genetic evolution of EBOV in the current outbreak that has resulted in multiple lineages. Deep sequencing of 179 patient samples processed by the European Mobile Laboratory, the first diagnostics unit to be deployed to the epicentre of the outbreak in Guinea, reveals an epidemiological and evolutionary history of the epidemic from March 2014 to January 2015. Analysis of EBOV genome evolution has also benefited from a similar sequencing effort of patient samples from Sierra Leone. Our results confirm that the EBOV from Guinea moved into Sierra Leone, most likely in April or early May. The viruses of the Guinea/Sierra Leone lineage mixed around June/July 2014. Viral sequences covering August, September and October 2014 indicate that this lineage evolved independently within Guinea. These data can be used in conjunction with epidemiological information to test retrospectively the effectiveness of control measures, and provides an unprecedented window into the evolution of an ongoing viral haemorrhagic fever outbreak.

Original language	English
Journal	Nature
Volume	524
Issue number	7563
Pages (from-to)	97-101
Number of pages	5
ISSN	0028-0836
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14594
Publication status	Published - 2015

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Carroll, M. W., Matthews, D. A., Hiscox, J. A., Elmore, M. J., Pollakis, G., Rambaut, A., Hewson, R., García-Dorival, I., Bore, J. A., Koundouno, R., Abdellati, S., Afrough, B., Aiyepada, J., Akhilomen, P., Asogun, D., Atkinson, B., Badusche, M., Bah, A., Bate, S., ... Günther, S. (2015). Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa [letter]. Nature, 524(7563), 97-101. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14594

@article{4d4812d0da2c4eb1952ea7cbfd8d3326,

title = "Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa [letter]",

abstract = "West Africa is currently witnessing the most extensive Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak so far recorded. Until now, there have been 27,013 reported cases and 11,134 deaths. The origin of the virus is thought to have been a zoonotic transmission from a bat to a two-year-old boy in December 2013 (ref. 2). From this index case the virus was spread by human-to-human contact throughout Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. However, the origin of the particular virus in each country and time of transmission is not known and currently relies on epidemiological analysis, which may be unreliable owing to the difficulties of obtaining patient information. Here we trace the genetic evolution of EBOV in the current outbreak that has resulted in multiple lineages. Deep sequencing of 179 patient samples processed by the European Mobile Laboratory, the first diagnostics unit to be deployed to the epicentre of the outbreak in Guinea, reveals an epidemiological and evolutionary history of the epidemic from March 2014 to January 2015. Analysis of EBOV genome evolution has also benefited from a similar sequencing effort of patient samples from Sierra Leone. Our results confirm that the EBOV from Guinea moved into Sierra Leone, most likely in April or early May. The viruses of the Guinea/Sierra Leone lineage mixed around June/July 2014. Viral sequences covering August, September and October 2014 indicate that this lineage evolved independently within Guinea. These data can be used in conjunction with epidemiological information to test retrospectively the effectiveness of control measures, and provides an unprecedented window into the evolution of an ongoing viral haemorrhagic fever outbreak.",

author = "Carroll, {Miles W} and Matthews, {David A} and Hiscox, {Julian A} and Elmore, {Michael J} and Georgios Pollakis and Andrew Rambaut and Roger Hewson and Isabel Garc{\'i}a-Dorival and Bore, {Joseph Akoi} and Raymond Koundouno and Sa{\"i}d Abdellati and Babak Afrough and John Aiyepada and Patience Akhilomen and Danny Asogun and Barry Atkinson and Marlis Badusche and Amadou Bah and Simon Bate and Jan Baumann and Dirk Becker and Beate Becker-Ziaja and Anne Bocquin and Benny Borremans and Andrew Bosworth and Boettcher, {Jan Peter} and Angela Cannas and Fabrizio Carletti and Concetta Castilletti and Simon Clark and Francesca Colavita and Sandra Diederich and Adomeh Donatus and Sophie Duraffour and Deborah Ehichioya and Heinz Ellerbrok and Fernandez-Garcia, {Maria Dolores} and Alexandra Fizet and Erna Fleischmann and Sophie Gryseels and Antje Hermelink and Julia Hinzmann and Ute Hopf-Guevara and Yemisi Ighodalo and Lisa Jameson and Anne Kelterbaum and Zoltan Kis and Stefan Kloth and Claudia Kohl and Mi{\v s}a Korva and Annette Kraus and Eeva Kuisma and Andreas Kurth and Britta Liedigk and Logue, {Christopher H} and Anja L{\"u}dtke and Piet Maes and James McCowen and St{\'e}phane M{\'e}ly and Marc Mertens and Silvia Meschi and Benjamin Meyer and Janine Michel and Peter Molkenthin and C{\'e}sar Mu{\~n}oz-Fontela and Doreen Muth and Newman, {Edmund N C} and Didier Ngabo and Lisa Oestereich and Jennifer Okosun and Thomas Olokor and Racheal Omiunu and Emmanuel Omomoh and Elisa Pallasch and Bernadett P{\'a}lyi and Jasmine Portmann and Thomas Pottage and Catherine Pratt and Simone Priesnitz and Serena Quartu and Julie Rappe and Johanna Repits and Martin Richter and Martin Rudolf and Andreas Sachse and Schmidt, {Kristina Maria} and Gordian Schudt and Thomas Strecker and Ruth Thom and Stephen Thomas and Ekaete Tobin and Howard Tolley and Jochen Trautner and Tine Vermoesen and In{\^e}s Vitoriano and Matthias Wagner and Svenja Wolff and Constanze Yue and Capobianchi, {Maria Rosaria} and Birte Kretschmer and Yper Hall and Kenny, {John G} and Rickett, {Natasha Y} and Gytis Dudas and Coltart, {Cordelia E M} and Romy Kerber and Damien Steer and Callum Wright and Francis Senyah and Sakoba Keita and Patrick Drury and Boubacar Diallo and {de Clerck}, Hilde and {Van Herp}, Michel and Armand Sprecher and Alexis Traore and Mandiou Diakite and Konde, {Mandy Kader} and Lamine Koivogui and N'Faly Magassouba and Tatjana Av{\v s}i{\v c}-{\v Z}upanc and Andreas Nitsche and Marc Strasser and Giuseppe Ippolito and Stephan Becker and Kilian Stoecker and Martin Gabriel and Herv{\'e} Raoul and {Di Caro}, Antonino and Roman W{\"o}lfel and Pierre Formenty and Stephan G{\"u}nther",

year = "2015",

doi = "10.1038/nature14594",

language = "English",

volume = "524",

pages = "97--101",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "7563",

}

Carroll, MW, Matthews, DA, Hiscox, JA, Elmore, MJ, Pollakis, G, Rambaut, A, Hewson, R, García-Dorival, I, Bore, JA, Koundouno, R, Abdellati, S, Afrough, B, Aiyepada, J, Akhilomen, P, Asogun, D, Atkinson, B, Badusche, M, Bah, A, Bate, S, Baumann, J, Becker, D, Becker-Ziaja, B, Bocquin, A, Borremans, B, Bosworth, A, Boettcher, JP, Cannas, A, Carletti, F, Castilletti, C, Clark, S, Colavita, F, Diederich, S, Donatus, A, Duraffour, S, Ehichioya, D, Ellerbrok, H, Fernandez-Garcia, MD, Fizet, A, Fleischmann, E, Gryseels, S, Hermelink, A, Hinzmann, J, Hopf-Guevara, U, Ighodalo, Y, Jameson, L, Kelterbaum, A, Kis, Z, Kloth, S, Kohl, C, Korva, M, Kraus, A, Kuisma, E, Kurth, A, Liedigk, B, Logue, CH, Lüdtke, A, Maes, P, McCowen, J, Mély, S, Mertens, M, Meschi, S, Meyer, B, Michel, J, Molkenthin, P, Muñoz-Fontela, C, Muth, D, Newman, ENC, Ngabo, D, Oestereich, L, Okosun, J, Olokor, T, Omiunu, R, Omomoh, E, Pallasch, E, Pályi, B, Portmann, J, Pottage, T, Pratt, C, Priesnitz, S, Quartu, S, Rappe, J, Repits, J, Richter, M, Rudolf, M, Sachse, A, Schmidt, KM, Schudt, G, Strecker, T, Thom, R, Thomas, S, Tobin, E, Tolley, H, Trautner, J, Vermoesen, T, Vitoriano, I, Wagner, M, Wolff, S, Yue, C, Capobianchi, MR, Kretschmer, B, Hall, Y, Kenny, JG, Rickett, NY, Dudas, G, Coltart, CEM, Kerber, R, Steer, D, Wright, C, Senyah, F, Keita, S, Drury, P, Diallo, B, de Clerck, H, Van Herp, M, Sprecher, A, Traore, A, Diakite, M, Konde, MK, Koivogui, L, Magassouba, NF, Avšič-Županc, T, Nitsche, A, Strasser, M, Ippolito, G, Becker, S, Stoecker, K, Gabriel, M, Raoul, H, Di Caro, A, Wölfel, R, Formenty, P & Günther, S 2015, 'Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa [letter]', Nature, vol. 524, no. 7563, pp. 97-101. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14594

TY - JOUR

T1 - Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa [letter]

AU - Carroll, Miles W

AU - Matthews, David A

AU - Hiscox, Julian A

AU - Elmore, Michael J

AU - Pollakis, Georgios

AU - Rambaut, Andrew

AU - Hewson, Roger

AU - García-Dorival, Isabel

AU - Bore, Joseph Akoi

AU - Koundouno, Raymond

AU - Abdellati, Saïd

AU - Afrough, Babak

AU - Aiyepada, John

AU - Akhilomen, Patience

AU - Asogun, Danny

AU - Atkinson, Barry

AU - Badusche, Marlis

AU - Bah, Amadou

AU - Bate, Simon

AU - Baumann, Jan

AU - Becker, Dirk

AU - Becker-Ziaja, Beate

AU - Bocquin, Anne

AU - Borremans, Benny

AU - Bosworth, Andrew

AU - Boettcher, Jan Peter

AU - Cannas, Angela

AU - Carletti, Fabrizio

AU - Castilletti, Concetta

AU - Clark, Simon

AU - Colavita, Francesca

AU - Diederich, Sandra

AU - Donatus, Adomeh

AU - Duraffour, Sophie

AU - Ehichioya, Deborah

AU - Ellerbrok, Heinz

AU - Fernandez-Garcia, Maria Dolores

AU - Fizet, Alexandra

AU - Fleischmann, Erna

AU - Gryseels, Sophie

AU - Hermelink, Antje

AU - Hinzmann, Julia

AU - Hopf-Guevara, Ute

AU - Ighodalo, Yemisi

AU - Jameson, Lisa

AU - Kelterbaum, Anne

AU - Kis, Zoltan

AU - Kloth, Stefan

AU - Kohl, Claudia

AU - Korva, Miša

AU - Kraus, Annette

AU - Kuisma, Eeva

AU - Kurth, Andreas

AU - Liedigk, Britta

AU - Logue, Christopher H

AU - Lüdtke, Anja

AU - Maes, Piet

AU - McCowen, James

AU - Mély, Stéphane

AU - Mertens, Marc

AU - Meschi, Silvia

AU - Meyer, Benjamin

AU - Michel, Janine

AU - Molkenthin, Peter

AU - Muñoz-Fontela, César

AU - Muth, Doreen

AU - Newman, Edmund N C

AU - Ngabo, Didier

AU - Oestereich, Lisa

AU - Okosun, Jennifer

AU - Olokor, Thomas

AU - Omiunu, Racheal

AU - Omomoh, Emmanuel

AU - Pallasch, Elisa

AU - Pályi, Bernadett

AU - Portmann, Jasmine

AU - Pottage, Thomas

AU - Pratt, Catherine

AU - Priesnitz, Simone

AU - Quartu, Serena

AU - Rappe, Julie

AU - Repits, Johanna

AU - Richter, Martin

AU - Rudolf, Martin

AU - Sachse, Andreas

AU - Schmidt, Kristina Maria

AU - Schudt, Gordian

AU - Strecker, Thomas

AU - Thom, Ruth

AU - Thomas, Stephen

AU - Tobin, Ekaete

AU - Tolley, Howard

AU - Trautner, Jochen

AU - Vermoesen, Tine

AU - Vitoriano, Inês

AU - Wagner, Matthias

AU - Wolff, Svenja

AU - Yue, Constanze

AU - Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria

AU - Kretschmer, Birte

AU - Hall, Yper

AU - Kenny, John G

AU - Rickett, Natasha Y

AU - Dudas, Gytis

AU - Coltart, Cordelia E M

AU - Kerber, Romy

AU - Steer, Damien

AU - Wright, Callum

AU - Senyah, Francis

AU - Keita, Sakoba

AU - Drury, Patrick

AU - Diallo, Boubacar

AU - de Clerck, Hilde

AU - Van Herp, Michel

AU - Sprecher, Armand

AU - Traore, Alexis

AU - Diakite, Mandiou

AU - Konde, Mandy Kader

AU - Koivogui, Lamine

AU - Magassouba, N'Faly

AU - Avšič-Županc, Tatjana

AU - Nitsche, Andreas

AU - Strasser, Marc

AU - Ippolito, Giuseppe

AU - Becker, Stephan

AU - Stoecker, Kilian

AU - Gabriel, Martin

AU - Raoul, Hervé

AU - Di Caro, Antonino

AU - Wölfel, Roman

AU - Formenty, Pierre

AU - Günther, Stephan

PY - 2015

Y1 - 2015

N2 - West Africa is currently witnessing the most extensive Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak so far recorded. Until now, there have been 27,013 reported cases and 11,134 deaths. The origin of the virus is thought to have been a zoonotic transmission from a bat to a two-year-old boy in December 2013 (ref. 2). From this index case the virus was spread by human-to-human contact throughout Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. However, the origin of the particular virus in each country and time of transmission is not known and currently relies on epidemiological analysis, which may be unreliable owing to the difficulties of obtaining patient information. Here we trace the genetic evolution of EBOV in the current outbreak that has resulted in multiple lineages. Deep sequencing of 179 patient samples processed by the European Mobile Laboratory, the first diagnostics unit to be deployed to the epicentre of the outbreak in Guinea, reveals an epidemiological and evolutionary history of the epidemic from March 2014 to January 2015. Analysis of EBOV genome evolution has also benefited from a similar sequencing effort of patient samples from Sierra Leone. Our results confirm that the EBOV from Guinea moved into Sierra Leone, most likely in April or early May. The viruses of the Guinea/Sierra Leone lineage mixed around June/July 2014. Viral sequences covering August, September and October 2014 indicate that this lineage evolved independently within Guinea. These data can be used in conjunction with epidemiological information to test retrospectively the effectiveness of control measures, and provides an unprecedented window into the evolution of an ongoing viral haemorrhagic fever outbreak.

AB - West Africa is currently witnessing the most extensive Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak so far recorded. Until now, there have been 27,013 reported cases and 11,134 deaths. The origin of the virus is thought to have been a zoonotic transmission from a bat to a two-year-old boy in December 2013 (ref. 2). From this index case the virus was spread by human-to-human contact throughout Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. However, the origin of the particular virus in each country and time of transmission is not known and currently relies on epidemiological analysis, which may be unreliable owing to the difficulties of obtaining patient information. Here we trace the genetic evolution of EBOV in the current outbreak that has resulted in multiple lineages. Deep sequencing of 179 patient samples processed by the European Mobile Laboratory, the first diagnostics unit to be deployed to the epicentre of the outbreak in Guinea, reveals an epidemiological and evolutionary history of the epidemic from March 2014 to January 2015. Analysis of EBOV genome evolution has also benefited from a similar sequencing effort of patient samples from Sierra Leone. Our results confirm that the EBOV from Guinea moved into Sierra Leone, most likely in April or early May. The viruses of the Guinea/Sierra Leone lineage mixed around June/July 2014. Viral sequences covering August, September and October 2014 indicate that this lineage evolved independently within Guinea. These data can be used in conjunction with epidemiological information to test retrospectively the effectiveness of control measures, and provides an unprecedented window into the evolution of an ongoing viral haemorrhagic fever outbreak.

U2 - 10.1038/nature14594

DO - 10.1038/nature14594

M3 - Letter

C2 - 26083749

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 524

SP - 97

EP - 101

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7563

ER -

Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa [letter]

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